| | От | могол |  |
| К | wiking | |
| Дата | 26.09.2004 20:19:15 |  |
| Рубрики | Армия; |  |
Вот по-английски...
Morituri Te Salutant
>история создания,применение, а также я слышал у ветеранов , что немзи применяли тоже похожие рс - с рамой - у наших слизали ?
The M-30 300-mm (11,8-in) rocket was
introduced during 1942 when it was
appreciated that good as the M-8 and
M-13 rockets were, a heavier explosive
warhead would be an advantage,
The M-30 used a modified M-13 rocket
motor allied to a bulbous warhead
which contained 28.9 kg (63.7 lb) of explosive,
which more than met the requirement
though the range was limited
to no more than 2800 m (3,060
yards). The first M-30s were fired from
their carrying crates with the aid of a
frame known as Rama, which was a
close copy of the German method of
using the Packkiste for launching from
the schwere Wurfgerat. These Ramas
were cumbersome devices that were
laborious to set up close to the front
line, and were little liked by the Red
Army troops. But they did like the M-30
rocket for its powerful effects, even
going to the extent of using the M-30 for
ambushes against tanks or for houseto-
house fighting. When used in this
role the M-30 was simply aimed at the
target while still in its carrying crate
and fired at very close range.
By the end of 1942 a newer type of
300-mm ( 11.8-in) rocket was ready and
this was known as the M-31 to differentiate
it from the earlier model. The
M-31 had an improved rocket motor
that gave a range of 4300 m (4,705
yards), This rocket could be fired from
the Rama frames in the same manner
as the M-30, but later Ramas could take
six M-31s or M-30s in place of the original
four. By March 1944 the first
mobile launchers for the M-31
appeared. These could carry up to 12
M-31s (the short range of the M-30
ruled out their use with the mobile
launchers), and the type was thus
known as the BM-31-12. Early versions
of this launcher were carried by the
ZiS-6 6x6 truck, but most wartime production
examples were carried on
Lend-Lease Studebaker US-6 6x6
trucks. These American trucks were
fitted with steel shutters over the cab
windows for protection against blast
when the rockets were fired.
After 1945 the M-31 rockets did not
survive for many years as they were
essentially short-range weapons, and
as such often suffered from counterbattery
fire. But the basic M-31 did undergo
some developmenmt before it was
dropped. There was an M-31-UK
which used some of the efflux gases to
impart a measure of spin for increased
stabilization and hence accuracy,
Range was slightly reduced, but the
M-13-UK could greatly decrease the
area of ground covered by a battery
and thus increase the amount of explosive
falling upon a point target.
The M-30 and M-31 rockets were
fitted only with HE warheads. They
were undoubtedly powerful projectiles,
but they lacked range and for
much of the war their mobility was virtually
nonexistent as they had to be
fired from the static Rama frames. It
was not until the later stages of the war
that they were provided with mobility
in the form of the BM-31 -12, a tardiness
for which the German troops on the
Eastern Front were no doubt grateful.
Specification M-30:
Dimensions: length 1.20 m (47,24 in);
body diameter 300 mm (11.8m)
Weights: overall 72 kg (158.7 lb);
propellant7.2 kg (15.87 lb); explosive
28.9 kg(63.7 lb)
Performance: initial velocity not known
Specification M-31:
Dimensions: length 1.76 m (69,3 in);
body diameter 300 mm ( 11.8 in)
Weights: overall 91.5 kg (201.7 lb) ;
propellant 11,2 kg (24.7 kg); explosive
28.9 kg (63,7 lb)
Performance: initial velocity 255 m
(836 ft) per second