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Свежий Air Force Monthly о ВС РФ
Air Force Association Air Force Magazine
October, 2000
SECTION: RUSSIAN MILITARY ALMANAC; Pg. 72
LENGTH: 4305 words
HEADLINE: Organization of the Russian Armed Forces
BYLINE: By Tamar A. Mehuron, Associate Editor, with Harriet Fast Scott, William F. Scott, and David Markov
BODY: THE Russian military's most recent year had three highlights; Consolidation of military and political power in the hands of the newly elected Russian President, Vladimir V. Putin, renewed fighting in the breakaway province of Chechnya, and the loss of the submarine Kursk and her crew.
Russian authorities blamed Chechens for the September 1999 explosions in Moscow apartment buildings and in other cities. Putin, then Prime Minister, strongly supported a military response to these "acts of terrorism." After President Boris Yeltsin resigned Dec. 31, 1999, Putin, a former KGB officer and former Director of the Federal Security Service (FSB), the domestic successor to the KGB, became acting President. He was subsequently elected President March 26, 2000.
In May 2000 Putin created seven federal districts to consolidate his political power. These districts correspond closely to the seven military districts. He appointed seven Presidential Representatives (five of whom were retired general officers) for the federal districts. These actions provided Putin with centralized top -- down control throughout the 89 regions making up the Russian Federation.
Putin also designated the federal district representatives as new members of the Security Council, a body he chaired. Overall direction of Russia's military forces was provided by the Security Council. The "permanent members" of the Security Council, in addition to the President, were the Prime Minister, Secretary of the Security Council, Director of the Federal Security Service, and Ministers of Foreign Affairs and Defense. Other members included the Directors of the Foreign Intelligence Service, Federal Border Guard Service, and Ministers of Internal Affairs and Emergency Situations. The Chief of the General Staff (Gen. of the Army Anatoliy V. Kvashnin) was, for the first time, made a member of the Security Council. Putin also retained control over the power ministries (which have their own troops) and the Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Justice.
The Security Council approved a new military doctrine in April 2000. It provided for the use of nuclear weapons not only in response to a nuclear attack but also in the case of a large-scale conventional weapons attack against Russia or its allies. The doctrine also highlighted terrorism within Russia as a military threat.
Armed forces under the Ministry of Defense consisted of four military services: Strategic Rocket Forces, Air Forces, Navy, and Ground Forces. In 1999, their authorized personnel strength totaled 1.2 million, although the actual figure was 1.01 million.
Russia's previous war with Chechnya had ended in 1996. In the aftermath of September's explosions in Moscow, Russia's armed forces moved on Chechnya in October. The General Staff for the first time exercised operational control in actual combat conditions in Chechnya over all Russian forces involved: troops of the Ministry of Defense, Internal Troops, Border Guards, and other power ministries. In May 2000, the First Deputy Chief of the General Staff, Gen. Valeriy Manilov, stated that there were 80,000 Russian army troops and police officers in Chechnya with "a maximum of 3,000" separatist rebels facing them. In June the Russian military leadership announced that, for all practical purposes, the war was over.
Less than a week after these assurances, Chechen forces killed more than 100 Russian soldiers. The conflict continued.
The Chechnya conflict exacerbated the poor condition of Russia's armed forces. Students at several military institutes graduated early due to a shortage of young officers. Modernization of military weapons and other equipment slowed, except for prototypes. Forty percent of the men discharged from the armed forces had no pension security. Military housing remained critical.
In August, the Security Council decided to cut the number of Russia's nuclear warheads to 1,500 and transfer the savings to strengthen its conventional forces. Furthermore, as the land-based nuclear arsenal shrinks in the next five years, the separate status of the Strategic Rocket Forces will also be re-evaluated. The decision follows a public dispute between Minister of Defense Marshal Igor D. Sergeyev and Kvashnin concerning the future composition and size of the Russian armed forces. To gain more funding and support for the conventional forces, Kvashnin, a tank officer, argued for a sharp cut in the number of land-based ICBMs and the merger of the separate elite Strategic Rocket Forces into the Air Forces. By contrast, Sergeyev, former Strategic Rocket Forces head, advocated a separate strategic deterrence force composed of all nuclear forces.
But the decision to reform the military was quickly overshadowed by the sinking of the Kursk, Russia's newest and most modern attack submarine, on Aug. 12 in the Barents Sea. The nuclear-powered submarine, built in 1994, had been participating in exercises when it suffered apparent explosions and sank, and its 118 crew members perished. Rescue efforts by Russians, Norwegians, and British were hampered by severe weather and the 60-degree tilt of the submarine on the seabed. The tragedy highlighted the deterioration of Russia's military forces.
Strategic Rocket Forces (RVSN). A second regiment of the new SS-27 Topol-M missile system was placed on alert duty. The Commander, Gen. of the Army Vladimir N. Yakovlev, asserted that the new missile can be equipped "with a powerful set of means to breach anti-missile defense." Weapons and supporting equipment deteriorated throughout the Strategic Rocket Forces. More than 70 percent of its missiles require extensive work to extend their operational life, as do the majority of fixed command-and-control facilities and 60 to 70 percent of battle management assets.
Air Forces (VVS). The 37th Air Army gained one Tu-160 bomber and three Tu-95Ms in 1999 from Ukraine. In early 2000, Ukraine returned an additional seven Tu-160s to Russia. One additional new Tu-160 is being completed at the Kazan plant. Russia modified its Kh-55 nuclear armed cruise missile, now designated Kh-55SM, to carry non-nuclear warheads. The Kh-55SM missiles can be launched by either the Tu-160 or Tu-95. Fighter aircraft developments included the first test flights of Sukhoi's Berkut S-37, with its swept-forward wings, and the MiG prototype Project 1-44.
The average annual flying time was 10 to 16 hours for fighter pilots, 18 to 24 hours for pilots in ground-attack aircraft, 12 to 26 hours for bomber pilots, 20 hours for long-range aircraft pilots, and 44 to 60 hours for military transport pilots. Exceptions to this were the bomber, ground-attack, and reconnaissance pilots flying missions in Chechnya.
Navy (VMF). Repairs on the missile cruiser Slava, which began in 1990, were completed in November 1999. It was re-designated the guard missile cruiser Moscow. The first in a series of nuclear surface ships, the heavy guided missile cruiser Admiral Ushakov is undergoing repairs. The Yuriy Dolgorukiy ballistic missile submarine, under construction at the Severodvinsk yard, is 47 percent completed. It is the first of the Borey (Arctic wind) -- class fleet.
Ground Forces (SV). The Chechnya war exposed weaknesses in Russia's ground forces. Conscripts were poorly trained; contract troops were little better. Equipment generally was in poor condition, and most was obsolete by NATO standards. Chechen fighters, with manpower odds of 10-to-1 against them, and lacking artillery, air support, or tanks, remained in the field.
Russian helicopter gunships flew approximately 40,000 missions, striking Chechen forces, providing air cover for ground troops and transporting personnel and supplies. Five military transport helicopters were equipped with Global Positioning System satellite navigation, which significantly improved their effectiveness, especially during night operations. The new Ka-52 helicopter, Alligator, made its first flight in February.
Airborne forces currently number about 40,000 personnel and were scheduled to increase. These forces remain directly subordinate to the Supreme High Command. As Russia's only mobile forces, they are heavily involved in the Chechen war. As of June 2000, 171 airborne troops had been killed and 420 wounded. Of those killed, approximately one-third were lost in a single battle.
Lineup of Russian Aerospace Power, 1999
Strategic Forces Includes deployable Russian and deactivated Ukrainian strategic forces.
783 -- Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles
SS-18 (RS-20): 180. SS-19 (RS-18): 150. SS-24 (Silo) (RS-22): 37. SS-24 (Rail) (RS-22): 36. SS-25 (RS-12M): 360. SS-27 (RS-12M2): 20.
106 -- Long-Range Bombers a
a Ukraine sent one Tu-160 Blackjack and three Tu-95 Bear-Hs to Russia to pay off its energy debts. Tu-95 (MS6) Bear-H6: 29. Tu-95 (MS16) Bear-H: 54. Tu-160 Blackjack: 23.
105 -- Medium Range Bombers
Tu-22M Backfire: 105
20 -- Tanker Aircraft
II-78 Midas: 20
308 -- Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missiles b
b The SS-N-20 SLBMs decreased from 80 on four Typhoon SSBNs in 1998 to 20 on one operational Typhoon SSBN in 1999.
SS-N-18 (RSM-50): 176. SS-N-20 (RSM-52): 20. SS-N-23 (RSM-54): 112.
21 -- Strategic Ballistic Missile Submarines c
c All Delta Is and Delta IIs have been withdrawn from active deployments and are not counted as operational strategic forces. Since 1994, operational forces of Delta IIIs and Typhoons have shrunk from 14 to 11 and six to three, respectively.
Delta III (Kalmar): 11. Delta IV (Delfin): 7. Typhoon (Akula): 3.
100 -- Strategic Anti-Ballistic Missile Launchers
ABM-3 (SH-11) Gorgon: 36. AMB-3 (SH-08) Gazelle: 64.
Air Forces
885 -- Fighter – Interceptors
MiG-29 Fulcrum: 260. MiG-31 Foxhound: 300. Su-27 Flanker: 325.
490 -- Ground-Attack Aircraft
Su-24 Fencer: 295. Su-25 Frogfoot: 195.
200 -- Reconnaissance/Electronic Countermeasures Aircraft
MiG-25 Foxbat: 40. Su-24 Fencer: 150. Tu-22MR Backfire: 10.
20 -- Airborne Early Warning and Control Aircraft
A-50 Mainstay: 20.
425 -- Aircraft of Military Transport
Aviation An-12 Cub: 45. An-22 Cock: 25. An-24 Coke: 25. An-32 Cline: 50. An-72/74/79: 20. An-124 Condor: 24. An-225 Cossack: 1. II-76 Candid: 220. Tu-134/154 Careless: 15.
2,400 -- Strategic Surface-to-Air Missile Launchers
SA-5 (S-200): 200. SA-10 (S-300P): 2,100. SA-12 (S-300V): 100.
Navy
1 -- Aircraft Carrier
Kuznetsov -- class CTOL ship: 1.
60 -- Bombers and Strike Aircraft
Tu-22M Backfire: 60.
55 -- Fighter – Interceptors
Su-27 Flanker: 30. Su-33 Flanker: 25.
35 -- Fighter – Attack Aircraft
Su-24 Fencer: 35. 42 -- Reconnaissance/Electronic Warfare Aircraft An-12 Cub: 5. II-20 Coot: 8. Su-24 Fencer: 12. Tu-22MR Backfire: 5. Tu-95 Bear: 12. 270 -- Anti-Submarine Warfare Aircraft Be-12 Mail: 25. Ka-25 Hormone-A: 50. Ka-27 Helix-A: 85. II-38 May: 35. Mi-14 Haze-A: 20. Tu-142 Bear-F: 55. 135 -- Helicopters Ka-25 Hormone: 15. Ka-29 Helix: 30. Ka-31 Helix: 5. Mi-6 Hook: 10. Mi-8 Hip: 35. Mi-14 Haze: 40.
Russian aviation was restructured in 1998. Three commands -- the Strategic Forces. Air Forces, and Air Defense Forces -- were merged into two. The Strategic Forces and Air Forces survived, but the Air Defense Forces disappeared. Our table reflects the changes.
The Strategic Forces absorbed all medium-range theater bombers and aerial tankers (formerly part of the Air Forces) and the 100-launcher Moscow ABM system (formerly part of Air Defense Forces). The Air Forces picked up all strategic SAMs, interceptors, and airborne early warning aircraft (formerly part of Air Defense Forces).
Increases in some categories in 1999's military aircraft lineup reflect equipment changes to maintain minimal readiness and force levels. In addition, new information on inventory types is also reflected in changes to individual numbers. Russian Military Emblems These are emblems of the Russian armed forces approved in December 1995. They depict the services, plus service branches and rear services. The Air Defense Troops were amalgamated with the Air Forces and Strategic Rocket Forces. The Navy emblem has been added.
Minister of Defense Sergeyev currently holds the rank of Marshal of Russian Federation Four Marshals of Soviet Union are alive today: S. L. Sokolov, V. G. Kulikov, V. I. Petrov, and D. T. Yazov. All four are officially listed as advisors to the Russian Federation Ministry of Defense. Russian Defense Ministry As of July 1, 2000
Marshal of Russian Federation Igor Dmitriyevich Sergeyev
Born 1938 in Ukraine. Russian, Russian Federation Minister of Defense since May 1997. Permanent member of the Security Council. Service: Transferred from coastal artillery to Strategic Rocket Troops in 1960. Chief of Staff, then Division Commander (1975). Chief of Staff and First Deputy Commander, Rocket Army (1980 -- 83). Deputy Chief of Main Staff of Strategic Rocket Forces (1983), then First Deputy (1985). Deputy CINC, Rocket Troops, USSR, for Combat Training (1989 -- December 1991). Deputy Commander, Strategic Forces, Joint Armed Forces, CIS (April 1992), and Deputy Commander, Strategic Rocket Forces for Combat Training (January -- August 1992). Commander in Chief, Strategic Rocket Forces, Russian Federation (August 1992). Promoted November 1997. Training: Black Sea Higher Naval School (1960). Dzerzhinskiy Military Engineering Academy (with distinction, 1973). Military Academy of the General Staff (1980).
Gen. of the Army Anatolly Vasilyevich Kvashnin
Born 1946. Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and First Deputy Minister of Defense since June 19, 1997. Member of the Security Council (June 2000). Service: Served in command posts in Czechoslovakia, Central Asia, and Belarus. Commander of a tank division (1978). First Deputy Commander, then Commander of an army (1989). Deputy Chief, then First Deputy Chief of the Main Directorate of Operations of the General Staff (1992 -- 95). Commander of Military Operations in Chechnya (December 1994 -- February 1995). Commander of the Troops of the North Caucasus Military District (February 1995), in charge of Russian armed forces in the Chechen conflict. Acting Chief of the General Staff (May 23, 1997). Promoted November 1997. Training: Kurgan Engineering Institute (1969). Malinovskiy Military Academy of Armored Forces (1976). Military Academy of the General Staff (1989).
Gen. Col. Aleksandr Davydovich Kosovan
Born 1941. Deputy Minister of Defense and Chief of Construction and Billeting of Troops since April 1997. Service: Worked in Special Construction until 1984. Assigned to the Volga Military District, then again to the Main Directorate of Special Construction. Deputy Commander for Construction and Billeting Troops of the Transcaucasus Military District (1988). First Deputy Chief of Construction and Billeting of Troops (1992). Promoted 1996. Honorary Builder of Russia. Training: Novosibirsk Construction Engineering School (1996).
Dr. Nikolay Vasilyevich Michaylov
Born 1937. Secretary of State -- First Deputy Minister of Defense (since September 1997). The only civilian in the top echelons of the Ministry of Defense. Responsible for the reform of defense industry and science. Service: Until 1986, in defense industry as Director of a leading scientific research institute working on anti-missile defense. Headed the Vympel Central Research & Production Association, after 1991, the Vympel Interstate joint stock corporation. Became a Deputy Secretary of the Security Council in July 1996, responsible for the military -- industrial complex, assuring technological independence, and ecological safety. Training: Graduated from Moscow Bauman Institute of Technology (1961). Doctor of Sciences (Economics) and Grand Doctor of Philosophy. Professor. Full member of a number of national and international academies. Government prize winner (1984, 1997) for creating an early warning system, a space control system, and a system of anti-missile defense.
Gen. Col. Vladimir Il'ich Isakov
Born 1950. Deputy Minister of Defense and Chief of Rear Services (Logistics) since June 30, 1997. Service: Deputy Commander of an army for Rear Services. Served in Afghanistan (1984 -- 86). Chief of Staff of Rear Services, Western Group of Forces (Germany, 1991). Deputy CINC -- Chief of Rear Services, Western Group of Forces (Germany, 1992). Instructor at Academy of the General Staff (1994). Chief of Staff of Rear Services (1996). Promoted 1997. Training: Moscow Military School of Civil Defense, Military Academy of Rear Services and Transport, Military Academy of the General Staff.
Gen. of the Army Vladimir Michaylovich Toporov
Born 1946. Russian. Deputy Minister of Defense, Russian Federation, since June 1992. Plans and organizes Ground Forces combat training (December 1998). Member of Commission on the Social Affairs of Servicemen and Others Discharged from Military Service and Their Families (December 1996). Service: Twenty years in Airborne Troops. Chief of Staff and First Deputy Commander, Far Eastern Military District (1989 -- 91). Commander of Moscow Military District (September 1991). Coordinator for sales of military equipment through Voentekh (1992 -- 95). Under the military reform, main directorates replacing the Ground Forces were subordinated to Toporov (January 1998). Promoted 1996. Training: Odessa Artillery School (1968). Frunze Military Academy (1975). Military Academy of the General Staff (1984). Uniformed Chiefs of the Military Services As of July 1, 2000
Commanders in Chief are listed in the same order of service precedence as applied in the days of the Soviet Ministry of Defense. However, these commanders are no longer Deputy Ministers of Defense.
Gen. of the Army Vladimir Nikolayevich Yekovlev
Born 1954. Commander in Chief, Strategic Rocket Forces, since June 30, 1997. Service: Commander of a missile regiment (1985). Deputy Commander (1989), Commander of a missile division (1991). Chief of Staff -- First Deputy Commander of a missile army (1993). Commander of a missile army (1994). Chief of the Main Staff -- First Deputy CINC of the Strategic Rocket Forces (December 1996). Promoted June 2000. Training: Kharkov Higher Military Command Engineering School (1976). Dzerzhinskiy Military Academy (command faculty) (with gold medal, 1985). Military Academy of the General Staff (1999). Candidate of sciences (military).
Gen. of the Army Anatoliy Mikhaylovich Kornukov
Born 1942. CINC of the Air Forces since January 1998. Service: Commander of Air Forces fighter division (1980 -- 85) and an Air Forces fighter corps (1985 -- 87). First Deputy Commander of Air Defense Aviation (1988). First Deputy Commander of a detached Air Defense Army (1989), later Commander. Commander of the Moscow Air Defense District (September 1991). Promoted February 2000. Training: Chernigov Higher Aviation School for Pilots (1964). Military Command Academy of Air Defense (1980). Military Academy of the General Staff (1988).
Adm. of the Fleet Vladimir Ivanovich Kuroyedov
Born 1944. CINC of the Navy since November 1997. Service: Pacific Fleet (1967 -- 76). Flotilla Commander in the Pacific Fleet (1989). Chief of Staff and First Deputy Commander of the Baltic Fleet (1993). Commander of the Pacific Fleet (February 1996). Chief of the Main Naval Staff and First Deputy CINC of the Navy (July 1997). Promoted February 2000. Training: Pacific Ocean Higher Naval School (1967). Naval Academy (1978). Military Academy of the General Staff (with gold medal, 1989).
The active military population of the Soviet Union peaked in 1989, the year the Berlin Wall fell and the Warsaw Pact collapsed. Moscow initiated major force reductions, which continued throughout the 1990s. In late 1991, the USSR itself collapsed, leaving Russia with a portion of Soviet forces while large numbers of troops stayed in newly independent nations. After 1991, none of the forces of Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Belarus (or any other former Soviet republic) are counted in this table.
Russian aviation was restructured in 1998. Many of the troops of the Air Defense Forces (formerly counted in the second column. "Strategic forces -- offensive/defensive") went to the theater forces or command and rear services or left the military altogether. This accounts in part for the large one-year 1997 -- 98 changes in strength in this table.
All data are current as of Dec. 31, 1999. Adjustments in Russian strategic forces reflect START deployable delivery systems as noted in the Jan. 1, 2000, MOU on Data Notification. All Delta Is and Delta IIs, as well as three Delta IIIs and three Typhoons, have been withdrawn from active deployments and are not counted as operational strategic forces.
While there are 21 SSBNs, press reports indicate that only one Typhoon SSBN is operational with 20 SS-N-20 SLBMs.
Zero indicates that that particular nuclear weapon type was deployed in that country at one time but is not deployed there now; a dash indicates that a weapon was never deployed in that country.
Russia retained all of the sea-based strategic weapons. Russia also retained most of the ICBM and bomber forces, though a significant number of these weapons came under control of Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Belarus. None of the forces of these nations are counted in this table after 1991.
Russian and US Grades
Naval grades in italics
Russia US
Five Stars
Marshal of General of the Army
Russian General of the Air Force
Federation Fleet Admiral
Four Stars
General of the Army General (USA)
General of the Army General (USAF)
Admiral of the Fleet Admiral (USN)
Three Stars
General Colonel Lieutenant General
Admiral Vice Admiral
Two Stars
General Lieutenant Major General
Vice Admiral Rear Admiral (Upper Half)
One Star
General Major Brigadier General
Rear Admiral Rear Admiral (Lower Half)
O-6
Colonel Colonel
Captain (1st Class) Captain
O-5
Lieutenant Colonel Lieutenant Colonel
Captain (2nd Class) Commander
O-4
Major Major
Captain (3rd Class) Lieutenant Commander
O-3
Captain Captain
Captain Lieutenant Lieutenant
O-2
Senior Lieutenant First Lieutenant
Senior Lieutenant Lieutenant Jr. Grade
O-1
Lieutenant Second Lieutenant
Lieutenant Ensign
Active Duty Military Population, 1999
As of Dec. 31, 1999
Force element Authorized Actual
Ground forces 440,000 350,000
Air forces 210,000 180,000
Naval forces 200,000 170,000
Strategic offensive defensive forces 150,000 140,000
Command and rear services 200,000 170,000
Total 1,200,000 1,010,000
External Deployments and Peacekeeping Forces
As of Dec. 31, 1999
Angola (peacekeeping) 100
Armenia (group of forces) 3,000
Bosnia (peacekeeping) 1,300
Croatia (peacekeeping) 30
Cuba 800
Georgia/Abkhazia (peacekeeping) 1,500
Georgia/South Ossetia (peacekeeping) 1,700
Georgia (group of forces) 5,000
Iraq/Kuwait (peacekeeping) 10
Kosovo (peacekeeping) 3,500
Moldova/Dniestria (peacekeeping) 2,500
Moldova/Trans -- Dniestria (peacekeeping) 500
Syria 150
Tajikistan (peacekeeping) 8,000
Ukraine (naval intantry unit) 1,500
Vietnam 700
Western Sahara (peacekeeping) 25
Total 30,315
Strategic Nuclear Weapons of Russia and the Other Nuclear-Armed Former Soviet Republics, 1999
Russia Ukraine Kazakhstan Belarus Total
ICBMs 756 27 0 0 783
Warheads 3,540 0 0 0 3,540
Bombers 74 32 0 0 106
Warheads 592 0 0 0 592
SSBNs 21 -- -- -- 21
SLBMs 308 -- -- -- 308
Warheads 1,176 -- -- -- 1,176
Total vehicles 1,138 59 0 0 1,197
Total warheads 5,308 0 0 0 5,308
Strategic Nuclear Warheads, 1991-99
USSR
Nation 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999
Russia 7,644 6,766 6,902 5,961 6,410 6,414 5,326 5,308
Ukraine 1,408 1,264 1,594 1,056 0 0 0 0
Kazakhstan 1,360 1,260 1,040 0 0 0 0 0
Belarus 54 54 36 18 0 0 0 0
Total 11,159 10,466 9,344 9,572 7,035 6,410 6,414 5,326 5,308
Moscow's Active Duty Military Forces. 1989-99: USSR and Russian Federation
Command
Theater forces -- Strategic forces --
offensive/ and rear
Total ground, air, naval defensive services forces
1989 2,690,000 890,000 1,450,000 5,030,000
1990 2,187,000 876,000 925,000 3,988,000
1991 2,150,000 755,000 650,000 3,555,000
1992 1,205,000 366,000 180,000 1,751,000
1993 1,082,000 230,000 100,000 1,412,000
1994 1,045,000 245,000 105,000 1,395,000
1995 923,000 279,000 176,000 1,378,700
1996 985,000 274,000 175,000 1,434,000
1997 776,000 260,000 164,000 1,200,000
1998 725,000 149,000 200,000 1,074,000
1999 700,000 140,000 170,000 1,010,000
Strategic Nuclear Forces, 1989-99: USSR and Russian Federation
Ballistic Submarine-launched ballistic
missile ICBMs Long-range bombers missiles submarines
1989 1,378 150 954 70
1990 1,373 155 924 61
1991 1,393 141 912 59
1992 1,031 135 864 57
1993 884 74 788 52
1994 773 95 732 47
1995 671 69 524 33
1996 747 69 440 26
1997 756 70 424 25
1998 756 70 368 22
1999 756 74 308 21
GRAPHIC: Photo 1, no caption, Photo by Paul Kennedy; Diagram, Structure of the Russian Armed Forces, As of July 27, 2000; Picture 1, Strategic Rocket Forces; Picture 2, Tank Troops; Picture 3, Service of Fuel & Lubricants; Picture 4, Ground Forces; Picture 5, Rocket Troops & Artillery; Picture 6, Military Transportation Service; Picture 7, Air Forces; Picture 8, Engineer Troops; Picture 9, Topographical Service; Picture 10, Navy; Picture 11, Troops of Radiation, Chemical, & Biological Protection; Picture 12, Medical Service; Picture 13, Airborne Troops; Picture 14, Signals Troops; Picture 15, Veterinary -- Sanitary Service; Picture 16, Military Space Forces; Picture 17, Automotive Troops; Picture 18, Military Orchestra Service; Picture 19, Motorized Rifle Troops; Picture 20, Highway Troops; Picture 21, Military Court & Legal Organs; Photo 2, US Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen is greeted by Russian Federation Minister of Defense Marshal Igor D. Sergeyev on arrival at the Ministry of Defense building in Moscow in June. The visit was part of Cohen's week-long trip to meet European government and defense leaders. DoD photo by R. D. Ward; Picture 22, Marshal of Russian Federation Igor Dmitriyevich Sergeyev; Picture 23, Gen. of the Army Anatoliy Vasilyevich Kvashnin; Picture 24, Gen. Col. Aleksandr Davydovich Kosovan; Picture 25, Dr. Nikolay Vasilyevich Mikhaylov; Picture 26, Gen. Col. Vladimir Il'ich Isakov; Picture 27, Gen. of the Army Vladimir Mikhaylovich Toporov; Picture 28, Gen. of the Army Vladimir Nikolayevich Yakovlev; Picture 29, Gen. of the Army Anetoliy Mikhaylovich Kornukov; Picture 30, Adm. of the Fleet Vladimir Ivanovich Kuroyedov