Новый словарь Хакера. К дискуссии о юморе(*)
Павел Власов сообщил в новостях
следующее:84195@kmf...
> Извините, а что означает сокращение "ИМХО"? Очень часто встечается, но
никак не могу догадаться что сиё означает.
>
> П.В.
:IMHO: // /abbrev./ [from SF fandom via Usenet; abbreviation for `In
My Humble Opinion'] "IMHO, mixed-case C names should be avoided, as
mistyping something in the wrong case can cause hard-to-detect errors
-- and they look too Pascalish anyhow." Also seen in variant forms
such as IMNSHO (In My Not-So-Humble Opinion) and IMAO (In My Arrogant
Opinion)
выражения (аббревиатуры) подобные ИМХО ,"смайлики" - это отдельные
кусочки профессиональной субкультуры программистов
НСХ - это энциклопедия жаргона ,юмора и культуры нескольких
поколений"настоящих программистов". Вышло уже 4 издания книги, есть
отличный полный русский перевод ,творческий (в сети полно всяких
русских компьютерных жаргонариев и сборничков, в основном
хохмачески-юмористических, а вот самого русского НСХ -нету)
Дальше я пристегиваю выдержку из исходника Нового СловаряХакера - это
так называемый"Файл Жаргона". Разъясняются еще некоторые термины,
например"юзер" . Если Вам не интересно - можете пропустить
=========
JARGON FILE, VERSION 4.0.0
This is the Jargon File, a comprehensive compendium of hacker slang
illuminating many aspects of hackish tradition, folklore, and humor.
:Introduction:
**************
This document is a collection of slang terms used by various
subcultures of computer hackers. Though some technical material is
included for background and flavor, it is not a technical dictionary;
what we describe here is the language hackers use among themselves for
fun, social communication, and technical debate.
The `hacker culture' is actually a loosely networked collection of
subcultures that is nevertheless conscious of some important shared
experiences, shared roots, and shared values. It has its own myths,
heroes, villains, folk epics, in-jokes, taboos, and dreams. Because
hackers as a group are particularly creative people who define
themselves partly by rejection of `normal' values and working habits,
it has unusually rich and conscious traditions for an intentional
culture less than 40 years old.
As usual with slang, the special vocabulary of hackers helps hold
their culture together -- it helps hackers recognize each other's
places in the community and expresses shared values and experiences.
Also as usual, *not* knowing the slang (or using it inappropriately)
defines one as an outsider, a mundane, or (worst of all in hackish
vocabulary) possibly even a {suit}. All human cultures use slang in
this threefold way -- as a tool of communication, and of inclusion,
and of exclusion.
Among hackers, though, slang has a subtler aspect, paralleled perhaps
in the slang of jazz musicians and some kinds of fine artists but hard
to detect in most technical or scientific cultures; parts of it are
code for shared states of *consciousness*. There is a whole range of
altered states and problem-solving mental stances basic to high-level
hacking which don't fit into conventional linguistic reality any
better than a Coltrane solo or one of Maurits Escher's `trompe l'oeil'
compositions (Escher is a favorite of hackers), and hacker slang
encodes these subtleties in many unobvious ways. As a simple example,
take the distinction between a {kluge} and an {elegant} solution, and
the differing connotations attached to each. The distinction is not
only of engineering significance; it reaches right back into the
nature of the generative processes in program design and asserts
something important about two different kinds of relationship between
the hacker and the hack. Hacker slang is unusually rich in
implications of this kind, of overtones and undertones that illuminate
the hackish psyche.
But there is more. Hackers, as a rule, love wordplay and are very
conscious and inventive in their use of language. These traits seem to
be common in young children, but the conformity-enforcing machine we
are pleased to call an educational system bludgeons them out of most
of us before adolescence. Thus, linguistic invention in most
subcultures of the modern West is a halting and largely unconscious
process. Hackers, by contrast, regard slang formation and use as a
game to be played for conscious pleasure. Their inventions thus
display an almost unique combination of the neotenous enjoyment of
language-play with the discrimination of educated and powerful
intelligence. Further, the electronic media which knit them together
are fluid, `hot' connections, well adapted to both the dissemination
of new slang and the ruthless culling of weak and superannuated
specimens. The results of this process give us perhaps a uniquely
intense and accelerated view of linguistic evolution in action.
Hacker slang also challenges some common linguistic and
anthropological assumptions. For example, it has recently become
fashionable to speak of `low-context' versus `high-context'
communication, and to classify cultures by the preferred context level
of their languages and art forms. It is usually claimed that
low-context communication (characterized by precision, clarity, and
completeness of self-contained utterances) is typical in cultures
which value logic, objectivity, individualism, and competition; by
contrast, high-context communication (elliptical, emotive,
nuance-filled, multi-modal, heavily coded) is associated with cultures
which value subjectivity, consensus, cooperation, and tradition.
:Hacker Speech Style:
=====================
Hackish speech generally features extremely precise diction, careful
word choice, a relatively large working vocabulary, and relatively
little use of contractions or street slang. Dry humor, irony, puns,
and a mildly flippant attitude are highly valued -- but an underlying
seriousness and intelligence are essential. One should use just
enough jargon to communicate precisely and identify oneself as a
member of the culture; overuse of jargon or a breathless, excessively
gung-ho attitude is considered tacky and the mark of a loser.
This speech style is a variety of the precisionist English normally
spoken by scientists, design engineers, and academics in technical
fields. In contrast with the methods of jargon construction, it is
fairly constant throughout hackerdom.
...
:The Story of Mel, a Real Programmer:
=====================================
Real Programmers write in FORTRAN.
Maybe they do now,
in this decadent era of
Lite beer, hand calculators, and "user-friendly" software
but back in the Good Old Days,
when the term "software" sounded funny
and Real Computers were made out of drums and vacuum tubes,
Real Programmers wrote in machine code.
Not FORTRAN. Not RATFOR. Not, even, assembly language.
Machine Code.
Raw, unadorned, inscrutable hexadecimal numbers.
Directly.
...
....
:vaxism: /vak'sizm/ /n./ A piece of code that exhibits {vaxocentrism}
in critical areas. Compare {PC-ism}, {unixism}.
File: jargon.info, Node: vaxocentrism, Next: vdiff, Prev: vaxism, Up: =
V =
:vaxocentrism: /vak`soh-sen'trizm/ /n./ [analogy with `ethnocentrism']
A notional disease said to afflict C programmers who persist in coding
according to certain assumptions that are valid (esp. under Unix) on
{VAXen} but false elsewhere.
....
:samizdat: /sahm-iz-daht/ /n./ [Russian, literally "self publishing"]
The process of disseminating documentation via underground channels.
Originally referred to underground duplication and distribution of
banned books in the Soviet Union; now refers by obvious extension to
any less-than-official promulgation of textual material, esp. rare,
obsolete, or never-formally-published computer documentation. Samizdat
is obviously much easier when one has access to high-bandwidth
networks and high-quality laser printers. Note that samizdat is
properly used only with respect to documents which contain needed
information (see also {hacker ethic}) but which are for some reason
otherwise unavailable, but *not* in the context of documents which are
available through normal channels, for which unauthorized duplication
would be unethical copyright violation. See {Lions Book} for a
historical example.
:user: /n./ 1. Someone doing `real work' with the computer, using it
as a means rather than an end. Someone who pays to use a computer. See
{real user}. 2. A programmer who will believe anything you tell him.
One who asks silly questions. [GLS observes: This is slightly unfair.
It is true that users ask questions (of necessity). Sometimes they are
thoughtful or deep. Very often they are annoying or downright stupid,
apparently because the user failed to think for two seconds or look in
the documentation before bothering the maintainer.] See {luser}.
3. Someone who uses a program from the outside, however skillfully,
without getting into the internals of the program. One who reports
bugs instead of just going ahead and fixing them.
The general theory behind this term is that there are two classes of
people who work with a program: there are implementors (hackers) and
{luser}s. The users are looked down on by hackers to some extent
because they don't understand the full ramifications of the system in
all its glory. (The few users who do are known as `real winners'.) The
term is a relative one: a skilled hacker may be a user with respect to
some program he himself does not hack. A LISP hacker might be one who
maintains LISP or one who uses LISP (but with the skill of a hacker).
A LISP user is one who uses LISP, whether skillfully or not. Thus
there is some overlap between the two terms; the subtle distinctions
must be resolved by context.
:user-friendly: /adj./ Programmer-hostile. Generally used by hackers
in a critical tone, to describe systems that hold the user's hand so
obsessively that they make it painful for the more experienced and
knowledgeable to get any work done. See {menuitis}, {drool-proof
paper}, {Macintrash}, {user-obsequious}.
:user-obsequious: /adj./ Emphatic form of {user-friendly}. Connotes a
system so verbose, inflexible, and determinedly simple-minded that it
is nearly unusable. "Design a system any fool can use and only a fool
will want to use it." See {WIMP environment}, {Macintrash}.
:PC-ism: /P-C-izm/ /n./ A piece of code or coding technique that takes
advantage of the unprotected single-tasking environment in IBM PCs and
the like, e.g., by busy-waiting on a hardware register, direct
diddling of screen memory, or using hard timing loops. Compare
{ill-behaved}, {vaxism}, {unixism}. Also, `PC-ware' n., a program full
of PC-isms on a machine with a more capable operating system.
Pejorative.
что означает "Клюг"?
- Умный, - вставил я.
- Буквально - да. Но это еще и... нечто чрезмерно сложное.
Нечто такое, что работает исправно, но по непонятным причи-
нам... У нас говорят - "клюговать" ошибки в программе...